Nangona iiplastiki zineempawu ezininzi ezilungileyo, ayizizo zonke iintlobo zeplastiki ezinokuba nazo zonke iimpawu ezilungileyo. Iinjineli zezinto kunye nabayili bemizi-mveliso kufuneka baqonde iimpawu zeplastiki ezahlukeneyo ukuze bayile iimveliso zeplastiki ezigqibeleleyo. Ipropati yeplastiki, inokwahlulwa ibe yipropati esisiseko yomzimba, ipropati yoomatshini, ipropati yobushushu, ipropati yeekhemikhali, ipropati ye-optical kunye nepropati yombane, njl. Iiplastiki zobunjineli zibhekisa kwiiplastiki zoshishino ezisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zoshishino okanye izinto zegobolondo. Ziiplastiki ezinamandla agqwesileyo, ukumelana nempembelelo, ukumelana nobushushu, ubulukhuni kunye neempawu zokulwa nokwaluphala. Ishishini laseJapan liza kulichaza njenge "lingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zesakhiwo kunye nezoomatshini zeplastiki ezisebenzayo kakhulu, ukumelana nobushushu ngaphezulu kwe-100℃, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino".
Ngezantsi siza kudwelisa ezinye ezisetyenziswa rhoqoizixhobo zokuvavanya:
1.Isalathisi sokuhamba koMnyibiliko(I-MFI):
Isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izinga lokunyibilika kwe-MFR ixabiso leeplastiki ezahlukeneyo kunye neeresini ezikwimeko yokuhamba okuxineneyo. Ifanelekile kwiiplastiki zobunjineli ezifana ne-polycarbonate, i-polyarylsulfone, iiplastiki ze-fluorine, i-nylon njalo njalo ezinobushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika. Ikwafanelekile kwi-polyethylene (PE), i-polystyrene (PS), i-polypropylene (PP), i-ABS resin, i-polyformaldehyde (POM), i-polycarbonate (PC) resin kunye nezinye iifizi zeplastiki zokunyibilika. Uvavanyo luphantsi. Hlangana nemigangatho: ISO 1133, ASTM D1238, GB/T3682
Indlela yovavanyo kukuvumela amasuntswana eplastiki anyibilike abe lulwelo lweplastiki ngaphakathi kwexesha elithile (imizuzu eli-10), phantsi kobushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo (imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yezinto ezahlukeneyo), aze emva koko aphume ngobubanzi obuyi-2.095mm yenani leegram (g). Okukhona ixabiso lilikhulu, kokukhona ulwelo lokucubungula izinto zeplastiki luba ngcono, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Umgangatho wovavanyo osetyenziswa kakhulu yi-ASTM D 1238. Isixhobo sokulinganisa sale migangatho yovavanyo yi-Melt Indexer. Inkqubo ethile yokusebenza yovavanyo yile: izinto zepolymer (zeplastiki) eziza kuvavanywa zifakwa kumngxuma omncinci, kwaye isiphelo somngxuma siqhagamshelwe ngetyhubhu encinci, ububanzi bayo buyi-2.095mm, kwaye ubude bomngxuma buyi-8mm. Emva kokufudumeza ukuya kubushushu obuthile, isiphelo esiphezulu sezinto eziluhlaza sicinezelwa ezantsi bubunzima obuthile obusetyenziswa yipiston, kwaye ubunzima bezinto eziluhlaza bulinganiswa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eli-10, oluyi-flow index yeplastiki. Ngamanye amaxesha uya kubona umfanekiso we-MI25g/10min, oko kuthetha ukuba iigram ezingama-25 zeplastiki zikhutshiwe kwimizuzu eli-10. Ixabiso le-MI leeplastiki ezisetyenziswa rhoqo liphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-25. Okukhona i-MI inkulu, kokukhona i-viscosity yezinto ezikrwada zeplastiki incinci kwaye ubunzima be-molecular buncinci; kungenjalo, kokukhona i-viscosity yeplastiki inkulu kwaye ubunzima be-molecular bukhulu.
2. Umatshini wovavanyo lwe-Universal Tensile (UTM)
Umatshini wokuvavanya izinto zendalo yonke (umatshini wokutsala): ukuvavanya ukutsalwa, ukukrazulwa, ukugoba kunye nezinye iimpawu zoomatshini zezinto zeplastiki.
Ingohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezilandelayo:
1)Tensile strengthkunyeUkwandiswa:
Amandla okutsalwa, okwaziwa ngokuba ngamandla okutsalwa, abhekisa kubukhulu bamandla afunekayo ukuze kolulwe izinto zeplastiki ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, elidla ngokubonakaliswa ngokomlinganiselo wamandla angakanani kwindawo nganye, kwaye ipesenti yobude bokutsalwa bubude. Amandla okutsalwa Isantya sokutsalwa kwesampuli sidla ngokuba yi-5.0 ~ 6.5mm/min. Indlela yovavanyo eneenkcukacha ngokwe-ASTM D638.
2)Amandla aguquguqukayokunyeAmandla okugoba:
Amandla okugoba, okwaziwa ngokuba ngamandla okugoba, asetyenziswa kakhulu ukumisela ukumelana nokugoba kweeplastiki. Angavavanywa ngokwendlela ye-ASTMD790 kwaye adla ngokubonakaliswa ngokwendlela yokuba angakanani amandla kwindawo nganye. Iiplastiki eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-PVC, i-Melamine resin, i-epoxy resin kunye namandla okugoba e-polyester zezona zilungileyo. I-Fiberglass ikwasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukumelana nokugoba kweeplastiki. Ukugoba ukugoba kubhekisa kuxinzelelo lokugoba oluveliswa yiyunithi nganye yokuguquguquka kuluhlu lwe-elastic xa isampuli igobile (indlela yokuvavanya efana namandla okugoba). Ngokubanzi, okukhona ukugoba kukhulu, kokukhona ubulukhuni bezinto zeplastiki bungcono.
3)Amandla oxinzelelo:
Amandla oxinzelelo abhekisa kubuchule beeplastiki bokumelana namandla oxinzelelo lwangaphandle. Ixabiso lovavanyo linokufunyanwa ngokwendlela ye-ASTMD695. Ii-polyacetal, i-polyester, i-acrylic, ii-urethral resins kunye nee-meramin resins zineempawu ezibalaseleyo kule nkalo.
3.Umatshini wokuvavanya impembelelo yeCantilever/ Sumatshini wokuvavanya impembelelo yomqadi oxhaswayo
Isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuqina kwempembelelo yezinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi ezifana neplastiki eqinileyo, umbhobho, izinto ezimile okwekhethekileyo, inylon eqinisiweyo, iplastiki eqinisiweyo yefayibha yeglasi, iseramikhi, izinto zokukhusela umbane ezenziwe ngamatye aqingqiweyo, njl.
Ngokuhambelana nomgangatho wehlabathi we-ISO180-1992 “ukuzimisela amandla empembelelo ye-cantilever yeplastiki – izinto eziqinileyo”; Indlela yovavanyo lwempembelelo ye-cantilever yeplastiki eqinileyo yesizwe ye-GB/ T1843-1996 “yendlela yovavanyo lwempembelelo ye-cantilever yeplastiki eqinileyo”, umgangatho weshishini loomatshini we-JB/ T8761-1998 “umatshini wovavanyo lwempembelelo ye-cantilever yeplastiki”.
4. Uvavanyo lwendalo: ukulinganisa ukumelana kwemozulu kwezinto.
1) Umatshini wokuvavanya ubushushu obuqhubekayo, umatshini wokuvavanya ubushushu obungaguqukiyo kunye nokufuma zizixhobo zombane, i-aerospace, iimoto, izixhobo zasekhaya, ipeyinti, ishishini leekhemikhali, uphando lwesayensi kwiindawo ezifana nokuzinza kovavanyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma ukuthembeka kwezixhobo, eziyimfuneko kwiindawo zoshishino, iindawo eziphambili, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, umbane, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezinye iimveliso, iindawo kunye nezixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi, ukubanda, ukufuma kunye nobushushu obuphezulu okanye uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lovavanyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma.
2) Ibhokisi yovavanyo lokwaluphala ngokuchanekileyo, ibhokisi yovavanyo lokwaluphala ye-UV (ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet), ibhokisi yovavanyo lobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi,
3) Isivavanyeli soMngcipheko woThermal esiCwangcisiweyo
4) Umatshini wokuvavanya impembelelo ebandayo neshushu yizixhobo zombane nezombane, iinqwelomoya, iimoto, izixhobo zasekhaya, iingubo, imboni yeekhemikhali, imboni yokhuselo lwesizwe, imboni yezomkhosi, uphando lwesayensi kunye nezinye iindawo izixhobo zovavanyo eziyimfuneko, Ifanelekile kutshintsho olubonakalayo lweendawo kunye nezixhobo zezinye iimveliso ezifana ne-photoelectric, i-semiconductor, iindawo ezinxulumene ne-elektroniki, iindawo zemoto kunye namashishini anxulumene nekhompyutha ukuvavanya ukumelana okuphindaphindiweyo kwezinto kubushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi kunye notshintsho lweekhemikhali okanye umonakalo obonakalayo weemveliso ngexesha lokwanda kobushushu kunye nokuxinana kokubanda.
5) Igumbi lovavanyo elitshintshana ngobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi
6) Igumbi lovavanyo lokuxhathisa imozulu yesibane seXenon
7) Isivavanyeli se-HDT VICAT
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-10-2021