Ngenkqubela phambili yabantu kunye nophuhliso loluntu, iimfuno zabantu zeempahla ezilukiweyo azikho nje imisebenzi elula, kodwa zihlawulela ingqalelo ngakumbi ukhuseleko kunye nempilo yabo, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza kunye ne-ecology yendalo. Kule mihla, xa abantu bekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwendalo kunye nohlaza, ukhuseleko lwamalaphu luye lwatsala ingqalelo yabantu abaninzi ngakumbi. Umbuzo wokuba ingaba amalaphu ayingozi emzimbeni womntu uye waba yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo abantu abanikela ingqalelo kuzo ukongeza kumayeza kunye nokutya.
I-textile ibhekiselele kwifayibha yendalo kunye nefayibha yekhemikhali njengemathiriyeli ekrwada, ngokusonta, ukuluka, ukudaya kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha bokusetyenzwa okanye ukuthunga, ukudibanisa kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe kwaye benziwe ngeemveliso. Kubandakanya iimpahla ezilukiweyo zempahla, iilaphu zokuhombisa, amalaphu emizi-mveliso.
Impahla yokunxiba ibandakanya:(1) zonke iintlobo zempahla; (2) zonke iintlobo zamalaphu alukiweyo asetyenziswa xa kusenziwa impahla; (3) i-lining, i-padding, ukuzaliswa, intambo yokuhlobisa, intambo yokuthunga kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-textile.
Izinto ezilukiweyo zokuhombisa ziquka:(1) izinto zangaphakathi – iikhethini (amakhethini, ikhethini), amalaphu etafile (amalaphu etafile, ilaphu letafile), amalaphu efanitshala (isofa yobugcisa belaphu, isigqubuthelo sefenitshala), umhombiso wangaphakathi (izihombiso zebhedi, iikhaphethi); (2) Ibhedi (ibhedi, isigqubuthelo somqamelo, umqamelo, itawuli yomqamelo, njl.); (3) Amanqaku angaphandle (iintente, iiambrela, njl.).
I .Ukhuseleko lokusebenza kwelaphu
(1) Iimfuno zoyilo lokhuseleko lwembonakalo yemveliso. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:
1.Uzinzo lwe-Dimensional: lukwahlulwe ngokukodwa kwizinga lokutshintsha kwe-dimensional yokucoca okomileyo kunye nesantya sokutshintsha komgangatho wokuhlamba. Ibhekisa kumyinge wokutshintsha kwe-dimensional ye-textile emva kokuhlanjwa okanye ukucoca okomileyo kunye nokomisa. Umgangatho wozinzo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kweendleko zeempahla kunye nefuthe lokugqoka iimpahla.
2. Amandla ancamathelayo okuxebuka: kwiisuti, iidyasi kunye neehempe, ilaphu ligqunywe ngumaleko welinen encamathelayo engalukwanga okanye encamathelayo elukiweyo, ukuze ilaphu libe nokuqina kunye nokomelela okuhambelanayo, ngelixa lenza ukuba abathengi bangabi lula ukuguquguquka nokuphuma. yesimo kwinkqubo yokugqoka, idlala indima "ye-skeleton" yengubo. Ngexesha elifanayo, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukugcina amandla okubambelela phakathi kwe-adhesive lining kunye nelaphu emva kokugqoka kunye nokuhlamba.
3. UkuPilling: UkuPilling kubhekisa kwiqondo lokupilwa kwelaphu emva kokukhuhlana. Ukubonakala kwendwangu kuba kubi ngakumbi emva kokupilisi, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-aesthetics.
4.I-Stitch slippage okanye i-larn slippage: ubuninzi bokutyibilika komsonto kude nomthungo womnwe xa umthungo womnwe ucinezelekile kwaye woluliwe. Ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwiqondo le-slime crack of the seams eziphambili zeemveliso zempahla ezifana ne-sleeve seam, i-armhole seam, i-side seam kunye ne-back seam. Idigri ye-slippage ayikwazanga ukufikelela kwisalathiso esiqhelekileyo, esibonakalisa ukucwangciswa okungafanelekanga kwe-warp kunye ne-weft yarn kwi-lining material kunye nokuqina okuncinci, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukubonakala kokunxiba kwaye nokuba kungenakunxitywa.
5.Ukuqhawula, ukukrazula okanye ukukrazula, ukuphulwa kwamandla: amandla aphukileyo akhokela ilaphu ukuba lithwale amandla aphezulu okuqhekeza; Amandla okukrazula abhekisa kwilaphu elilukiweyo yinto, ihuku, ukugqabhuka koxinzelelo lwendawo kunye nokwakheka kokuqhekeka, umsonto okanye ilaphu lokubamba indawo, ukuze ilaphu likrazulwe kubini, kwaye lihlala libizwa ngokuba kukukrazuka: ukugqabhuka, ukugqabhuka kwelaphu lesalathisi ngumatshini. iinxalenye zibize ukwanda kunye nokugqabhuka kwesiganeko, ezi zalathisi azifanelekanga, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umphumo wokusetyenziswa kunye nobomi benkonzo.
6.Umxholo weFiber: ubonisa ukubunjwa kwefayibha kunye nobuninzi obuqulethwe kwi-textile. Umxholo weFayibha lulwazi olubalulekileyo lwereferensi eyalela umthengi ukuba athenge imveliso kunye nenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezithatha isigqibo ngexabiso lemveliso, ezinye zigqithise ngabom kwi-shod, zigqithise umgunyathi, ezinye ziphawulwe ngokungacwangciswanga, ukubhidanisa ingcamango, ukukhohlisa umthengi.
7. Ukumelana nokunxiba: kubhekiselele kwiqondo lokumelana nelaphu lokunxiba, ukunxiba kuyinkalo enkulu yomonakalo welaphu, kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuqina kwelaphu.
8.Iimfuno zokuthunga zokubonakala: kubandakanywa ukulinganisa imilinganiselo, iziphene zomhlaba, ukuthunga, uku-ayina, intambo, amabala kunye nokwahlukana kombala, njl., Ukuvavanya imbonakalo ngokubala iziphene. Ngokukodwa, iintsana njengeqela elisemngciphekweni, bekusoloko kugxininiswa kwethu ukukhusela into, iintsana ezisetyenzisiweyo iimpahla ezilukiweyo kuqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kunye neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zabantwana, ukhuseleko lwayo, intuthuzelo, abazali kunye noluntu lonke lugxininiso lwengqwalasela. Umzekelo, iimfuno zeemveliso ezineziphu, ubude bentambo, ubukhulu bekhola, indawo yokuthunga yeleyibhile yokuqina kophawu lokuthengisa, iimfuno zomhlobiso, kunye neemfuno zenxalenye yokushicilela zonke zibandakanya ukhuseleko.
(2) Amalaphu asetyenzisiweyo, izincedisi nokuba kukho izinto eziyingozi. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:
Umxholo we-formaldehyde:
1.I-formaldehyde isoloko isetyenziswa ekugqityweni kwentlaka yefiber esulungekileyo yelaphu elilukiweyo kunye nelaphu elidityanisiweyo kunye nokugqityezelwa kweemveliso ezithile zempahla. Inemisebenzi yoku-ayina simahla, i-shrinkproof, i-wrinkle-proof kunye nokucoca ngokulula. Iimpahla zeempahla ezenziweyo eziqulethe i-formaldehyde egqithisileyo, i-formaldehyde kwinkqubo yabantu abanxibayo iya kukhutshwa ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuphefumla kunye nokunxibelelana kwesikhumba ngomzimba womntu, i-formaldehyde emzimbeni wendlela yokuphefumla ye-mucous membrane kunye nolusu luvelisa uvuselelo olunzulu, lubangele isifo esinxulumeneyo kwaye lunokubangela. umhlaza, ukuthatha ixesha elide loxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-formaldehyde kunokubangela ukulahleka kokutya, ukuncipha kobunzima, ubuthathaka, uphawu olunjengokungalali, Ubuthi kwiintsana bubonakaliswa njengesifuba, i-tracheitis, i-chromosomal engaqhelekanga, kunye nokuncipha kokuxhathisa.
2.PH Ixabiso
Ixabiso le-PH lisalathiso esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo esibonisa amandla e-asidi kunye ne-alkalinity, ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-0 ~ 14 ixabiso. Ulusu lomntu luphethe umaleko weasidi ebuthathaka ukuthintela ukungena kwezifo. Ngoko ke, iingubo, ngokukodwa iimveliso ezidibana ngokuthe ngqo nolusu, zinefuthe lokukhusela eluswini ukuba ixabiso le-pH linokulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu lokungathathi hlangothi ukuya kwi-asidi ebuthakathaka. Ukuba akunjalo, inokucaphukisa ulusu, ibangele umonakalo wolusu, ibhaktheriya kunye nezifo.
3.Ukukhawuleza koMbala
Ukukhawuleza kombala kubhekisa ekukwazini kwelaphu elidayiweyo okanye eliprintiweyo ukugcina umbala walo wokuqala kunye nokubengezela (okanye ukungafihli) phantsi kwesenzo sezinto ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya, ukuprinta okanye ukusetyenziswa. Ukukhawuleza kombala akuhambelani kuphela nomgangatho weemveliso ze-textile, kodwa zihambelana ngqo nempilo kunye nokhuseleko lomzimba womntu. Iimveliso ze-textile, iidayi okanye ii-pigments ezinokukhawuleza kombala ophantsi zinokugqithiselwa ngokulula esikhumbeni, kwaye izinto ezinobungozi zezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-ion zetsimbi enzima eziqulethwe kuzo zinokufunxwa ngumzimba womntu ngesikhumba. Kwiimeko ezikhanyayo, zinokwenza abantu barhawuzelelwe; kwiimeko ezimandundu, zinokukhokelela kwi-erythema kunye ne-papules kumphezulu wolusu, kwaye zibangele nomhlaza. Ngokukodwa, isalathiso sombala we-salivary kunye nokubila kwemveliso yeentsana kubaluleke kakhulu. Iintsana nabantwana banokufunxa umbala ngamathe kunye nokubila, kwaye iidayi eziyingozi kwimpahla elukiweyo ziya kubangela iziphumo ezibi kwiintsana nasebantwaneni.
4.Ivumba Elikhethekileyo
Iimpahla ezilukiweyo ezikumgangatho ophantsi zihlala zikhatshwa livumba elithile, ubukho bevumba libonisa ukuba kukho iintsalela zeekhemikhali ezigqithisileyo kwi-textile, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kulula ukuba abathengi bagwebe. Emva kokuvulwa, ilaphu linokujongwa njengevumba ukuba linuka enye okanye ngaphezulu kwe-musty, uluhlu oluphezulu lokubilisa i-petroleum, i-kerosene, intlanzi, okanye i-hydrocarbons enevumba elimnandi.
5.Banned Azo Dyes
Idayi ye-azo evaliweyo ngokwayo kwaye akukho siphumo sithe ngqo se-carcinogenic, kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ngakumbi ukukhawuleza kombala obuthathaka, inxalenye yedayi iya kudluliselwa eluswini lomntu kwi-textile, kwinkqubo yemetabolism eqhelekileyo yemfihlo yomzimba womntu. ye-biological catalysis phantsi kokunciphisa i-amine enuka kamnandi, ngokuthe ngcembe ifunxwa ngumzimba womntu ngolusu, ibangele isifo somzimba, kwaye nesakhiwo sokuqala se-DNA sinokutshintsha umzimba womntu, Ibangela umhlaza njalo njalo.
6.Disperse Dyes
I-aleji yedayi ibhekisa kwidayi ethile enokuthi ibangele ulusu, inwebu yamafinya okanye ukwalana nomjelo wokuphefumla komntu okanye wesilwanyana. Ngoku, zizonke iindidi ezingama-27 zedayi eziye zafunyanwa, kuquka iindidi ezingama-26 zedayi ezisasazwayo kunye nolunye uhlobo lwedayi yeasidi. Iidayi ezisasazwayo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukudaya iimveliso ezisulungekileyo okanye ezidityanisiweyo zepolyester, i-polyamide kunye ne-acetate fibers.
7.Umxholo wentsimbi enzima
Ukusetyenziswa kwedayi ezixubeneyo zetsimbi ngumthombo obalulekileyo wesinyithi esinzima kwizinto ezilukiweyo kunye nemicu yezityalo zendalo zinokufunxa isinyithi esinzima kumhlaba ongcolileyo okanye emoyeni ngexesha lokukhula kunye nenkqubo yokucubungula. Ukongeza, izixhobo zempahla ezifana ne-zippers, amaqhosha anokuthi aqulethe izinto zetsimbi enzima. Iintsalela zentsimbi enzima ngokugqithisileyo kwiimpahla ezilukiweyo ziya kubangela ityhefu eyongezelekayo ethe yafunxwa ngumzimba womntu ngolusu.
8.Intsalela Yezitshabalalisi
Ikakhulu ikhona kwifiber yendalo (umqhaphu) amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, intsalela yesitshabalalisi kwimpahla ezilukiweyo zisisakhiwo esizinzileyo, kunzima kwi-oxidation, ukubola, ubuthi, ukufunxwa ngumzimba womntu ngolusu ukuqokelela uzinzo lukhona kwizicubu zomzimba, kunye nesibindi, izintso, ukuqokelelana kwezicubu zentliziyo, ezinjengokuphazamiseka kokukhuselwa okuqhelekileyo kwe-synthesis emzimbeni. Ukukhutshwa, imetabolism, njl.
9.Ukutsha kwempahla yempahla jikelele
Nangona kukho ngaphezu kweshumi indlela yokuvavanya ukusebenza kwempahla yokutsha yokutsha, kodwa umgaqo wovavanyo unokwahlulwa ube ngamacandelo amabini: enye kukuvavanya isampula yelaphu elikhanyayo kugxininiso olwahlukeneyo lweoksijini, initrogen, ipesenti yobuncinci obuyimfuneko ukugcina ukutsha. kwiigesi ezixubeneyo, isiqulatho seoksijini (ekwaziwa ngokuba ngumda wesalathiso seoksijini), kunye nomda wesalathiso seoksijini sathi ukusebenza kokutshiswa kwezinto ezilukiweyo.Ngokuphangaleleyo, okukhona kusezantsi isalathiso seoksijini esezantsi, kokukhona impahla iya kutsha.Eyesibini kukuqwalasela nokuvavanya indawo yomlilo welaphu kwaye emva koko kwenzeke ukutsha (kubandakanya ukutsha komsi) .Phantsi komgaqo wovavanyo, kukho izalathisi ezininzi zokubonisa ukusebenza kokutsha kwempahla. Kukho izalathisi ezisemgangathweni ukuchaza iimpawu zokutsha, njengokuba isampuli itshiswe, i-melting, carbonization, i-pyrolysis, i-shrinkage, i-crimping kunye ne-melt dropping, njl okanye izinga lokutsha), ixesha lokucima, ixesha lokuqhubeka, ixesha lokutshisa, ixesha lokusasazeka kwelangatye, indawo eyonakeleyo kunye nenani lokutshatyalaliswa komlilo, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-10-2021